Nyob rau hauv lub churning ua npuas ncauj ntawm amber npias lies ib tug underestimated cog cov khoom muaj nqis. Raws li thaum ntxov li 9th caug xyoo AD, nws tau siv los ua ib qho kev khaws cia los ntawm European brewers. Niaj hnub no, nws tau dhau los ua ib qho khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb hauv npias brewing nrog nws qhov tshwj xeeb iab thiab aroma. Hom nroj no yog hops.
1. Hops: Cov riam phom khawv koob rau brewing npias
Hop (Humulus lupulus), tseem hu ua nab hop, yog ib tsob ntoo nce toj xyoob ntoo ntawm tsev neeg Cannabaceae thiab tuaj yeem loj hlob mus rau ntau tshaj 7 meters. Nws muaj ntom conical inflorescences, uas yog botanically hu ua cones thiab muaj li ntawm mos, lub teeb ntsuab resin petals. Thaum paub tab, lub cones ntawm hops yog them nrog anthocyanin qog uas secrete resin thiab cov roj yam tseem ceeb, tsim kom muaj lub cim tsw thiab aroma ntawm hop ntau yam. Hop cones feem ntau yog khaws thaum kawg ntawm Lub Yim Hli lossis Lub Cuaj Hli.
Hops tau siv los ua tshuaj ntsuab txij li thaum ub Egyptian. Nyob rau hauv Roman lub sij hawm, hops tau siv los txhim kho daim siab kab mob thiab digestive system. Txij li thaum xyoo pua 13th, hops tau raug suav tias yog ib qho tshuaj zoo rau kev txhim kho kub taub hau thiab kab mob spleen hauv cheeb tsam Arab.
Kev siv hops hauv npias tuaj yeem taug qab mus rau Tebchaws Europe hauv xyoo pua 9 AD. Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau ntxiv rau npias vim lawv cov khoom khaws cia kom ntev lub neej txee. Thaum lub sij hawm Nrab Hnub nyoog, brewers nyob rau hauv German monasteries nrhiav tau hais tias nws muaj peev xwm sib npaug lub qab zib ntawm malt, endow npias nrog ib tug refreshing iab thiab nplua nuj aroma, thiab yog li tsim nws txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb hauv npias brewing. Niaj hnub no, kwv yees li 98% ntawm cov hops cog qoob loo feem ntau yog siv hauv kev lag luam npias brewing, thiab Tebchaws Meskas yog lub ntiaj teb cov neeg tsim khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm hops.
2. Tsis tsuas yog hauv brewing, hops muaj ntau yam txiaj ntsig zoo dua
Hops, nrog rau lawv cov iab thiab aroma, tau dhau los ua cov ntaub ntawv raw hauv npias brewing. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tus nqi mus deb dhau qhov no.
Cov kev tshawb fawb niaj hnub no tau pom tias hops muaj α -acids (feem ntau humulone) thiab β -acids (feem ntau humulone), flavonols (quercetin thiab kaempferol), flavonoid 3-roj (feem ntau yog catechins, epicatechins thiab proanthocyanidins), phenolic acids (ferulic acid ntau npaum li cas). Ntawm lawv, alpha acids thiab beta acids yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm iab ntawm hops.
Sedation thiab pw tsaug zog pab: Humulone hauv hops tuaj yeem khi rau GABA receptors, txo kev ntxhov siab thiab txhawb kev pw tsaug zog. GABA hauv hops tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov neurotransmitter GABA, yog li inhibiting lub hauv paus paj hlwb. Kev sim tsiaj ua qauv qhia tau hais tias 2-milligram concentration ntawm hop extract tuaj yeem txo qhov kev ua haujlwm nocturnal hauv lub circadian atherosclerosis. Hauv kev xaus, cov nyhuv sedative ntawm hops yog kho los ntawm kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm GABA receptors, uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ceev ceev inhibitory synaptic kis tau tus mob hauv lub hlwb. Tam sim no, tib neeg feem ntau muab hops nrog valerian los ua tshuaj yej calming.
Antioxidant thiab anti-inflammatory teebmeem: Hops muaj biomolecules uas muaj peev xwm antioxidant zoo li flavonols, rutin (quercetin-3-rutin glycoside), thiab astragaloside (kanophenol-3-glucoside), uas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov pa oxygen reactive. Tsis tas li ntawd, xanthol hauv hops tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov dawb radicals, inhibit NF-κB txoj hauv kev, thiab txo qis kev mob ntev (xws li mob caj dab).
Antibacterial: Txij li thaum ancient Egypt, hops tau siv los khaws cov zaub mov. Cov iab α -acid thiab β -acid hauv hops muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob thiab tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev loj hlob ntawm ntau yam kab mob, suav nrog Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermococcus, Streptococcus mutans thiab kab mob Gram-zoo. Qhov no kuj yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas npias muaj keeb kwm muaj kev nyab xeeb dua li cov dej haus. Ntxiv nrog rau kev muab nws nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob, alpha-acid kuj pab tswj cov npuas dej ntawm npias.
Txhawb cov poj niam txoj kev noj qab haus huv: Hop isoprenylnaringin (muab los ntawm fulminol thiab nws cov derivatives) tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau qhov txo qis hauv 17-β -estradiol qib thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Hop npaj muaj 8-isoprenylnaringin, uas yog ib qho ntawm cov muaj zog phytoestrogens paub nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog. Kev npaj Hop tuaj yeem siv los ua ib qho kev hloov pauv rau phytoestrogens thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub hauv cov poj niam los txo qhov kub kub, insomnia thiab mus ob peb vas. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb uas muaj 63 tus poj niam tau pom tias kev siv cov tshuaj hop npaj tuaj yeem txo cov tsos mob vasomotor ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab kub kub.
Tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha: Kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias hop terpenes tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha hauv hlwb, tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, muab kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv rau lub hlwb, thiab txo cov kev ntxhov siab oxidative. Lwm txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom tias hop isoalphaic acid tuaj yeem txhim kho hippocampal nyob ntawm kev nco thiab prefrontal cortex ntsig txog kev txawj ntse los ntawm kev ua kom dopamine neural kis tau tus mob. Cov kua qaub qaub hauv hops tuaj yeem txhim kho kev nco qab los ntawm cov txheej txheem kho los ntawm norepinephrine neurotransmission. Hop isoalphaic acid tuaj yeem txo cov kab mob neuroinflammation thiab kev paub tsis meej hauv ntau yam kab mob nas neurodegenerative, suav nrog Alzheimer's disease.
3. Daim ntawv thov ntawm hops
Mordor cov ntaub ntawv qhia tau hais tias kev lag luam hop loj yog kwv yees li 9.18 billion US las hauv 2025 thiab xav tias yuav ncav cuag 12.69 billion US las los ntawm 2030, nrog kev loj hlob txhua xyoo ntawm 6.70% thaum lub sijhawm kwv yees (2025-2030). Tsav los ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv npias, qhov sib txawv ntawm cov khoom siv tes ua npias thiab kev tsim cov hops tshiab, kev ua lag luam hop yuav tsum tau loj hlob ntxiv.
Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Zoo
Ib tug neeg tsis noj nqaij hop capsule tau launched. Cov khoom no muaj cov nyhuv sedative thiab pab nrog pw tsaug zog.
Post lub sij hawm: Jun-24-2025