Raws li cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog, qhov poob ntawm lub hlwb ua haujlwm tau pom meej dua. Ntawm cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 20-49, feem ntau pib pom qhov poob qis hauv kev paub txog kev ua haujlwm thaum lawv nco qab lossis tsis nco qab. Rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 50-59, qhov kev paub txog kev poob qis feem ntau tuaj thaum lawv pib pom qhov poob qis hauv kev nco.
Thaum tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho lub hlwb ua haujlwm, cov hnub nyoog sib txawv tsom mus rau ntau yam. Cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 20-29 feem ntau tsom rau kev txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog txhawm rau txhawb lub hlwb kev ua haujlwm (44.7%), thaum cov tib neeg muaj hnub nyoog 30-39 nyiam ntau dua los txo qhov qaug zog (47.5%). Rau cov neeg muaj hnub nyoog 40-59, kev txhim kho kev mloog yog suav tias yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho lub hlwb (40-49 xyoo: 44%, 50-59 xyoo: 43.4%).
Cov khoom xyaw nrov hauv Nyij Pooj Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Kev Lag Luam
Raws li kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua neej nyob noj qab haus huv, Nyiv lub khw muag khoom noj khoom haus tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm cov kev daws teeb meem rau kev noj qab haus huv tshwj xeeb, nrog rau lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv yog qhov tseem ceeb. Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 2024, Nyiv tau sau npe 1,012 cov khoom noj uas ua haujlwm tau zoo (raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai), uas 79 muaj feem cuam tshuam rau lub hlwb. Ntawm cov no, GABA yog cov khoom siv feem ntau siv, ua raws licov lutein/zeaxanthin uaginkgo nplooj extract (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, thiab ergothioneine.
1. KAB
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) yog ib qho uas tsis yog-proteinogenic amino acid thawj zaug kuaj pom los ntawm Steward thiab cov npoj yaig hauv cov qos yaj ywm tuber nqaij hauv xyoo 1949. Xyoo 1950, Roberts li al. txheeb xyuas GABA nyob rau hauv mammalian hlwb, tsim los ntawm irreversible α-decarboxylation ntawm glutamate los yog nws cov ntsev, catalyzed los ntawm glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA yog ib qho tseem ceeb neurotransmitter pom nyob rau hauv lub paj hlwb mammalian. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txhawm rau txo qis neuronal excitability los ntawm inhibiting kev sib kis ntawm neural signals. Hauv lub hlwb, qhov sib npaug ntawm inhibitory neurotransmission mediated los ntawm GABA thiab excitatory neurotransmission mediated los ntawm glutamate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj cov cell membrane stability thiab ib txwm neural muaj nuj nqi.
Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tias GABA tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov kev hloov pauv neurodegenerative thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab kev txawj ntse. Cov kev tshawb fawb tsiaj pom tias GABA txhim kho kev nco mus ntev hauv cov nas nrog kev paub tsis meej thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm neuroendocrine PC-12 hlwb. Hauv kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, GABA tau pom tias yuav ua rau nce ntshav hauv lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) ntau ntau thiab txo cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm dementia thiab Alzheimer's kab mob hauv cov poj niam hnub nyoog nruab nrab.
Tsis tas li ntawd, GABA muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev xav, kev ntxhov siab, qaug zog, thiab pw tsaug zog. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm GABA thiab L-theanine tuaj yeem txo qhov pw tsaug zog latency, nce pw tsaug zog ntev, thiab txhawb kev qhia ntawm GABA thiab glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinyog ib qho oxygenated carotenoid tsim los ntawm yim isoprene residues, ib qho unsaturated polyene muaj cuaj ob daim ntawv cog lus, uas absorbs thiab emits lub teeb ntawm tej wavelengths, muab nws cov xim tshwj xeeb.Zeaxanthinyog ib qho isomer ntawm lutein, txawv nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib.
Lutein thiab zeaxanthinyog cov pigments tseem ceeb hauv retina. Lutein feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv peripheral retina, thaum zeaxanthin yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus macula. Cov kev tiv thaiv ntawm lutein thiab zeaxanthin rau lub qhov muag muaj xws li kev txhim kho lub zeem muag, tiv thaiv lub hnub nyoog ntsig txog macular degeneration (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, thiab tiv thaiv retinopathy hauv cov me nyuam mos ntxov ntxov.
Hauv xyoo 2017, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Georgia pom tias lutein thiab zeaxanthin muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau lub hlwb kev noj qab haus huv rau cov neeg laus. Txoj kev tshawb no tau qhia tias cov neeg koom nrog cov qib siab dua ntawm lutein thiab zeaxanthin ua rau pom kev ua haujlwm hauv lub hlwb qis dua thaum ua cov haujlwm rov qab lo lus, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm neural ntau dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias Lutemax 2020, ib qho lutein ntxiv los ntawm Omeo, nce qib ntawm BDNF (lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic factor), ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov protein uas koom nrog hauv neural plasticity, thiab tseem ceeb heev rau kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov neurons, thiab cuam tshuam nrog. txhim khu kev kawm, nco, thiab kev txawj ntse muaj nuj nqi.
(Cov qauv qauv ntawm lutein thiab zeaxanthin)
3. Ginkgo Nplooj Extract (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, ib hom tsiaj muaj sia nyob hauv tsev neeg ginkgo, feem ntau hu ua "cov pob txha nyob." Nws cov nplooj thiab cov noob feem ntau yog siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb pharmacological thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ntuj siv thoob plaws ntiaj teb. Cov tshuaj nquag hauv ginkgo nplooj extract feem ntau yog flavonoids thiab terpenoids, uas muaj cov khoom xws li pab txo qis lipid, antioxidant teebmeem, txhim kho kev nco, txo qhov muag qhov muag, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau lub siab.
Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv lub monograph ntawm cov nroj tsuag tshuaj qhia tias tus qauvginkgo uanplooj nplooj yuav tsum muaj 22-27% flavonoid glycosides thiab 5-7% terpenoids, nrog ginkgolic acid cov ntsiab lus qis dua 5 mg / kg. Hauv Nyij Pooj, Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv thiab Khoom Noj Khoom Noj tau teeb tsa cov qauv zoo rau ginkgo nplooj extract, xav tau cov ntsiab lus flavonoid glycoside tsawg kawg yog 24% thiab cov ntsiab lus terpenoid tsawg kawg yog 6%, nrog ginkgolic acid khaws cia qis dua 5 ppm. Qhov pom zoo noj txhua hnub rau cov neeg laus yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 60 thiab 240 mg.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias kev siv ntev ntev ntawm cov qauv ginkgo nplooj extract, piv rau cov placebo, tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam kev txawj ntse, suav nrog kev nco raug thiab kev txiav txim siab. Ntxiv mus, ginkgo extract tau raug tshaj tawm los txhim kho lub hlwb cov ntshav khiav thiab kev ua si.
4. DHA
DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) yog omega-3 ntev-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Nws muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov nqaij nruab deg thiab lawv cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog fatty ntses, uas muab 0.68-1.3 grams DHA ib 100 grams. Tsiaj txhu cov khoom noj xws li qe thiab nqaij muaj cov DHA tsawg dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, tib neeg cov mis nyuj thiab lwm yam mis nyuj kuj muaj DHA. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau dua 2,400 tus poj niam thoob plaws 65 txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm DHA hauv cov kua mis yog 0.32% ntawm tag nrho cov fatty acid hnyav, xws li 0.06% mus rau 1.4%, nrog rau cov neeg nyob hauv ntug dej hiav txwv muaj DHA siab tshaj plaws hauv cov kua mis.
DHA yog txuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kab mob. Kev tshawb fawb dav dav qhia tau hais tias DHA tuaj yeem txhim kho neurotransmission, neuronal kev loj hlob, synaptic plasticity, thiab tso tawm neurotransmitter. Ib qho kev soj ntsuam ntawm 15 randomized tswj kev sim tau pom tias qhov nruab nrab noj txhua hnub ntawm 580 mg ntawm DHA tau txhim kho lub cim xeeb ntawm cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv (18-90 xyoo) thiab cov neeg muaj kev puas hlwb me me.
DHA cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm suav nrog: 1) rov ua kom qhov sib piv n-3 / n-6 PUFA; 2) inhibiting hnub nyoog ntsig txog neuroinflamation los ntawm M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) suppressing A1 astrocyte phenotype los ntawm kev txo qis A1 cov cim xws li C3 thiab S100B; 4) zoo inhibiting proBDNF / p75 teeb liab txoj hauv kev yam tsis hloov lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic yam cuam tshuam nrog kinase B signaling; thiab 5) txhawb kev muaj sia nyob ntawm neuronal los ntawm kev nce qib phosphatidylserine, uas pab txhawb cov protein kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation thiab ua kom muaj zog.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Lub plab, feem ntau hu ua "lub hlwb thib ob," tau pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog lub hlwb. Lub plab, raws li ib qho khoom nruab nrog cev muaj zog, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntawm nws tus kheej yam tsis muaj kev qhia ncaj qha rau lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txuas ntawm lub plab thiab lub hlwb yog tswj hwm los ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic, hormonal signals, thiab cytokines, uas yog hu ua "lub plab-hlwb axis."
Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov kab mob plab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib sau ntawm β-amyloid protein, ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob hauv Alzheimer's disease. Piv nrog rau kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv, Alzheimer's cov neeg mob tau txo cov plab hnyuv microbiota, nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm Bifidobacterium cov txheeb ze ntau.
Hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tib neeg kev cuam tshuam rau cov tib neeg uas muaj kev puas hlwb me me (MCI), kev noj Bifidobacterium MCC1274 tau txhim kho kev txawj ntse hauv Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Cov qhab nia hauv thaj chaw xws li kev nco tam sim, kev muaj peev xwm pom qhov dav, kev ua haujlwm nyuaj, thiab kev nco qeeb kuj tau txhim kho zoo.
Post lub sij hawm: Jan-06-2025