Thaum tib neeg laus zuj zus, qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb yuav poob qis dua. Ntawm cov neeg hnub nyoog 20-49, feem ntau pib pom tias kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb poob qis thaum lawv nco qab lossis tsis nco qab. Rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 50-59, qhov kev paub txog kev poob qis ntawm lub hlwb feem ntau tshwm sim thaum lawv pib pom tias muaj kev nco qab poob qis.
Thaum tshawb nrhiav txoj hauv kev los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, cov pab pawg hnub nyoog sib txawv tsom mus rau ntau yam sib txawv. Cov neeg hnub nyoog 20-29 feem ntau tsom mus rau kev txhim kho kev pw tsaug zog kom txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb (44.7%), thaum cov neeg hnub nyoog 30-39 xav paub ntau ntxiv txog kev txo qhov qaug zog (47.5%). Rau cov neeg hnub nyoog 40-59, kev txhim kho kev mloog zoo yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb (40-49 xyoo: 44%, 50-59 xyoo: 43.4%).
Cov Khoom Xyaw Nrov Hauv Kev Lag Luam Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv Lub Hlwb Nyiv Pooj
Raws li kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb ntawm kev ua neej noj qab haus huv, kev lag luam khoom noj khoom haus ua haujlwm ntawm Nyiv Pooj tau hais txog kev daws teeb meem rau cov teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv tshwj xeeb, nrog rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb yog qhov tseem ceeb. Txog rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 11, 2024, Nyiv Pooj tau sau npe 1,012 cov khoom noj ua haujlwm (raws li cov ntaub ntawv raug cai), uas 79 muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb. Ntawm cov no, GABA yog cov khoom xyaw siv ntau tshaj plaws, ua raws lilutein/zeaxanthin, nplooj ginkgo extract (flavonoids, terpenoids),DHA, Bifidobacterium MCC1274, Portulaca oleracea saponins, paclitaxel, imidazolidine peptides,PQQ, thiab ergothioneine.
1. GABA
GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) yog ib qho amino acid uas tsis yog proteinogenic uas Steward thiab cov npoj yaig tau pom thawj zaug hauv cov nqaij ntawm cov qos yaj ywm xyoo 1949. Xyoo 1950, Roberts et al. tau pom GABA hauv cov hlwb ntawm cov tsiaj txhu, uas tsim los ntawm α-decarboxylation ntawm glutamate lossis nws cov ntsev uas tsis hloov pauv tau, uas catalyzed los ntawm glutamate decarboxylase.
GABA yog ib qho neurotransmitter tseem ceeb uas pom muaj ntau hauv cov tsiaj txhu lub paj hlwb. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog txo qhov kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha los ntawm kev txwv tsis pub xa cov teeb liab ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Hauv lub hlwb, qhov sib npaug ntawm kev txwv tsis pub xa cov hlab ntsha los ntawm GABA thiab kev xa cov hlab ntsha los ntawm glutamate yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm kev ruaj khov ntawm cov hlwb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov hlab ntsha.
Cov kev tshawb fawb qhia tau tias GABA tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm lub hlwb thiab txhim kho kev nco thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb. Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv tsiaj qhia tau tias GABA txhim kho kev nco mus sij hawm ntev hauv cov nas uas muaj kev poob qis ntawm lub hlwb thiab txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb neuroendocrine PC-12. Hauv kev sim tshuaj, GABA tau pom tias ua rau cov theem ntawm cov neurotrophic factor (BDNF) hauv lub hlwb nce ntxiv thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob dementia thiab Alzheimer's tus kab mob hauv cov poj niam hnub nyoog nruab nrab.
Ntxiv mus, GABA muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev xav, kev ntxhov siab, kev qaug zog, thiab kev pw tsaug zog. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias kev sib xyaw ntawm GABA thiab L-theanine tuaj yeem txo qhov kev pw tsaug zog ntev, ua rau lub sijhawm pw tsaug zog ntev dua, thiab ua kom muaj kev qhia tawm ntawm GABA thiab glutamate GluN1 receptor subunits.
2. Lutein/Zeaxanthin
Luteinyog ib qho carotenoid oxygenated uas muaj yim isoprene residues, ib qho unsaturated polyene uas muaj cuaj ob lub bonds, uas nqus thiab tso tawm lub teeb ntawm cov wavelengths tshwj xeeb, muab nws cov xim tshwj xeeb.Zeaxanthinyog ib qho isomer ntawm lutein, sib txawv hauv qhov chaw ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv lub nplhaib.
Lutein thiab zeaxanthinyog cov xim tseem ceeb hauv retina. Lutein feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv peripheral retina, thaum zeaxanthin yog concentrated nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus macula. Cov teebmeem tiv thaiv ntawmlutein thiab zeaxanthinrau qhov muag suav nrog kev txhim kho kev pom kev, tiv thaiv kev laus ntawm lub qhov muag (AMD), cataracts, glaucoma, thiab tiv thaiv kev mob retinopathy rau cov menyuam mos yug ntxov.
Xyoo 2017, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Georgia pom tiaslutein thiab zeaxanthinMuaj feem cuam tshuam zoo rau kev noj qab haus huv ntawm lub hlwb rau cov neeg laus. Kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias cov neeg koom nrog uas muaj cov qib siab dua ntawmlutein thiab zeaxanthinqhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb qis dua thaum ua cov haujlwm nco qab lo lus, qhia txog kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub paj hlwb zoo dua.
Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau tshaj tawm tias Lutemax 2020, ib qho tshuaj lutein ntxiv los ntawm Omeo, ua rau muaj ntau ntxiv ntawm BDNF (lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic factor), ib qho protein tseem ceeb uas koom nrog neural plasticity, thiab tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm cov neurons, thiab cuam tshuam nrog kev kawm, kev nco, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev paub.
(Cov qauv ntawm lutein thiab zeaxanthin)
3. Cov Tshuaj Ntsuab Ginkgo (Flavonoids, Terpenoids)
Ginkgo biloba, hom tsiaj uas tseem muaj sia nyob hauv tsev neeg ginkgo, feem ntau hu ua "cov pob txha muaj sia nyob." Nws cov nplooj thiab noob feem ntau siv rau hauv kev tshawb fawb txog tshuaj thiab yog ib qho ntawm cov tshuaj ntuj siv dav tshaj plaws thoob ntiaj teb. Cov tshuaj nquag hauv cov nplooj ginkgo extract feem ntau yog flavonoids thiab terpenoids, uas muaj cov khoom xws li pab txo cov roj lipid, cov teebmeem antioxidant, txhim kho kev nco, txo qhov muag nkees, thiab muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntawm daim siab.
Lub Koom Haum Ntiaj Teb Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv cov ntawv sau txog cov nroj tsuag tshuaj qhia meej tias tus qauvginkgoCov nplooj tshuaj ntsuab yuav tsum muaj 22-27% flavonoid glycosides thiab 5-7% terpenoids, nrog rau cov ntsiab lus ginkgolic acid qis dua 5 mg / kg. Hauv Nyiv, Lub Koom Haum Khoom Noj Khoom Haus thiab Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv tau teeb tsa cov qauv zoo rau cov nplooj tshuaj ntsuab ginkgo, xav tau cov ntsiab lus flavonoid glycoside tsawg kawg yog 24% thiab cov ntsiab lus terpenoid tsawg kawg yog 6%, nrog rau ginkgolic acid khaws cia qis dua 5 ppm. Cov lus pom zoo txhua hnub rau cov neeg laus yog ntawm 60 thiab 240 mg.
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias kev noj cov nplooj ginkgo uas tau teev tseg ntev ntev, piv rau cov placebo, tuaj yeem txhim kho qee yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb, suav nrog kev nco qab zoo thiab kev txiav txim siab. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj ginkgo tau tshaj tawm tias txhim kho cov ntshav ntws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub hlwb.
4. DHA
DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) yog ib qho omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) uas muaj ntau heev. Nws muaj ntau nyob rau hauv cov khoom noj hiav txwv thiab lawv cov khoom, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov ntses rog, uas muab 0.68-1.3 grams ntawm DHA rau txhua 100 grams. Cov khoom noj uas yog los ntawm tsiaj xws li qe thiab nqaij muaj DHA me dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kua mis niam tib neeg thiab lwm cov mis tsiaj kuj muaj DHA. Kev tshawb fawb ntawm ntau dua 2,400 tus poj niam thoob plaws 65 txoj kev tshawb fawb pom tias qhov nruab nrab ntawm DHA hauv cov kua mis niam yog 0.32% ntawm tag nrho cov rog acid hnyav, xws li ntawm 0.06% txog 1.4%, nrog rau cov pej xeem ntug dej hiav txwv muaj DHA ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov kua mis niam.
DHA muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev loj hlob ntawm lub hlwb, kev ua haujlwm, thiab kab mob. Kev tshawb fawb dav dav qhia tau tiasDHAtuaj yeem txhim kho kev xa xov ntawm cov hlwb, kev loj hlob ntawm cov hlwb, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hlwb, thiab kev tso tawm ntawm cov neurotransmitter. Kev tshuaj xyuas meta-analysis ntawm 15 qhov kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas tau qhia tias qhov nruab nrab txhua hnub ntawm 580 mg ntawm DHA tau txhim kho kev nco txog episodic hauv cov neeg laus noj qab haus huv (18-90 xyoo) thiab cov neeg uas muaj kev puas tsuaj me ntsis.
Cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm DHA suav nrog: 1) rov qab kho qhov n-3/n-6 PUFA piv; 2) tiv thaiv kev mob hlwb uas cuam tshuam nrog hnub nyoog los ntawm M1 microglial cell overactivation; 3) tiv thaiv A1 astrocyte phenotype los ntawm kev txo qis A1 cov cim xws li C3 thiab S100B; 4) tiv thaiv tau zoo proBDNF/p75 signaling pathway yam tsis hloov pauv lub hlwb-derived neurotrophic factor-associated kinase B signaling; thiab 5) txhawb kev ciaj sia ntawm neuronal los ntawm kev nce phosphatidylserine theem, uas pab txhawb protein kinase B (Akt) membrane translocation thiab activation.
5. Bifidobacterium MCC1274
Lub plab hnyuv, feem ntau hu ua "lub hlwb thib ob," tau pom tias muaj kev sib cuam tshuam tseem ceeb nrog lub hlwb. Lub plab hnyuv, ua ib lub cev uas muaj kev txav mus los ywj pheej, tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ywj pheej yam tsis tas yuav qhia ncaj qha rau lub hlwb. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib txuas ntawm lub plab hnyuv thiab lub hlwb raug tswj hwm los ntawm lub paj hlwb autonomic, cov cim hormonal, thiab cytokines, tsim qhov hu ua "qhov chaw plab hnyuv thiab lub hlwb."
Kev tshawb fawb tau qhia tias cov kab mob hauv plab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib sau ua ke ntawm β-amyloid protein, uas yog ib qho cim tseem ceeb hauv tus kab mob Alzheimer. Piv rau cov neeg noj qab haus huv, cov neeg mob Alzheimer muaj cov kab mob hauv plab tsawg dua, nrog rau kev txo qis ntawm Bifidobacterium.
Hauv kev tshawb nrhiav tib neeg rau cov tib neeg uas muaj teeb meem kev paub me me (MCI), kev noj Bifidobacterium MCC1274 tau txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev paub hauv Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBANS). Cov qhab nia hauv cov cheeb tsam xws li kev nco tam sim ntawd, kev pom kev, kev ua cov txheej txheem nyuaj, thiab kev nco qeeb kuj tau txhim kho zoo heev.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Lub Ib Hlis-07-2025